The Intersectoral Structure of the Romanian Economy and Its Economic Implications
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| Pages: | 145 : 157 |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the intersectoral structure of the Romanian economy and its implications for productivity, competitiveness and structural transformation. The study combines descriptive structural indicators with an input-output analytical framework based on Eurostat national accounts and FIGARO inter-country supply-use and input-output tables. Particular attention is given to sectoral composition, technical coefficients, the Leontief inverse, output multipliers and backward and forward linkages, while the empirical discussion places Romania within the broader EU convergence process. Recent statistics reveal a mixed structural profile. Romania reached approximately 78% of the EU average GDP per capita in 2024, compared with 44% at the time of EU accession, but important structural gaps remain. Agriculture still generated 2.5% of GDP in 2024, compared with 1.2% in the EU, while R&D intensity was only 0.5% of GDP versus about 2.2% in the EU. The share of Romanian SMEs with at least a basic level of digital intensity was 27% in 2023, compared with 57.7% in the EU. These indicators suggest that convergence in income has advanced faster than convergence in innovation and productive capabilities. The paper argues that Romania’s next stage of development depends on strengthening domestic linkages between manufacturing, knowledge-intensive services, ICT, energy, transport, agriculture and SMEs. Industrial, digital and green policies should therefore be assessed not only by direct sectoral effects but also by their capacity to generate domestic value added, technological spillovers and resilient production networks. |
| JEL classification: | C67, O11, O14, O33, L60 |
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C67, O11, O14, O33, L60
